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SapotaceaeLC

Zapote

Pouteria sapota

14 min read
Also available in:Español
Zapote

Native Region

Mexico to Central America

Max Height

25-40 meters

Family

Sapotaceae

Conservation

LC

Uses

Fruit (fresh, batidos)Traditional medicineTimber (minor)OrnamentalShade tree

Season

Flowering

Jun-Jul

Fruiting

Jan-Feb, Nov-Dec

Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
FlowersFruits

🛡️Safety Information

Toxicity Level
🟢None
Skin Contact Risk
🔵Low
Allergen Risk
🔵Low
✅
Child Safe
Yes
✅
Pet Safe
Yes

Toxicity Details

Non-toxic and safe. Fruit is edible and delicious, widely consumed throughout Central America. Ripe fruit flesh is completely safe to eat. Seeds should not be eaten but are not dangerously toxic. Sapotaceae family fruits are generally safe.

Skin Contact Risks

Tree produces mild latex when cut, which can cause minor skin irritation in some sensitive individuals. Generally safe to handle. Ripe fruit flesh causes no skin issues.

Allergenic Properties

Very low allergen risk. Not known to cause significant allergic reactions. Occasional contact dermatitis from latex in sensitive individuals.

Wildlife & Pet Risks

Safe for wildlife. Fruits are eaten by various animals including birds and mammals. Safe for livestock in moderate amounts.

Zapote (Mamey Sapote)

✅The Beloved Fruit of Central America

The Zapote (Pouteria sapota), known in English as Mamey Sapote, produces one of the most distinctive and cherished fruits of the Central American tropics. Inside its rough brown exterior lies flesh of an almost surreal salmon-pink to deep red color, with a creamy texture and a complex sweetness that's impossible to describe without tasting. Native from southern Mexico through Central America, the zapote has been cultivated since pre-Columbian times and remains beloved across the region. In Costa Rica, few pleasures rival a cold batido de zapote—the fruit blended with milk into a thick, salmon-colored shake that tastes like nothing else on Earth.

Quick Reference

🌿

iNaturalist Observations

Community-powered species data

290+

Observations

186

Observers

View Species Page ↗Browse Photos ↗🇨🇷 Costa Rica Only ↗

📸 Photo Gallery

Photos sourced from the iNaturalist citizen science database. View all observations →↗


Taxonomy and Classification

Plantae
Angiosperms
Eudicots
Ericales
Sapotaceae
Pouteria
P. sapota
ℹ️Name Origins
  • Pouteria: From the South American vernacular name - sapota: From Nahuatl "tzapotl" (generic fruit name) - Sapotaceae: The sapote or sapodilla family - Many different fruits are called "zapote" - this is the "mamey" variety

Common Names

Related Species (Sapote Name Confusion)

⚠️The Zapote Name Confusion

The word "zapote" comes from Nahuatl "tzapotl" which meant any sweet, soft fruit. Today, MANY different fruits are called "zapote" in Spanish: - Zapote / Mamey Sapote (Pouteria sapota) - THIS species - Chicozapote / Níspero (Manilkara zapota) - the chicle tree - Zapote verde (Pouteria viridis) - green sapote - Zapote blanco (Casimiroa edulis) - white sapote - Zapote negro (Diospyros nigra) - black sapote In Costa Rica, "zapote" without qualifier usually means Pouteria sapota - the mamey sapote with salmon-pink flesh.


Physical Description

General Form

The Zapote is a medium to large evergreen tree with a dense, rounded crown. It has large, clustered leaves at branch tips and produces substantial fruits directly on branches and trunk. The tree can become quite large in favorable conditions.

Mature Height/100
Crown Spread/100
Trunk Diameter/100
Fruit Length/100

Identification Features

Bark and Trunk

  • Bark color: Grayish-brown
  • Texture: Fissured, somewhat rough
  • Latex: White sap when cut (less than níspero)
  • Trunk: Straight, often buttressed at base

Leaves

  • Type: Simple, alternate
  • Arrangement: Clustered at branch tips
  • Shape: Oblanceolate (widest above middle)
  • Size: 15-30 cm long
  • Texture: Leathery, glossy above
  • Color: Dark green

Flowers

  • Location: On branches and trunk (cauliflorous)
  • Size: Small, inconspicuous
  • Color: Whitish to greenish
  • Fragrance: Mild
  • Timing: Throughout year

Fruit

  • Shape: Oval to ellipsoidal
  • Size: 10-25 cm long (!!)
  • Skin: Brown, rough, sandpaper-like
  • Flesh: Salmon-pink to deep red
  • Texture: Creamy, smooth
  • Seed: 1 large, shiny, black
  • Taste: Sweet, complex, unique
💡Identifying Ripe Zapote

Knowing when a zapote is ripe is crucial - unripe ones are inedible: Testing for Ripeness: 1. Scratch the skin with a fingernail 2. If flesh underneath is green = NOT ripe 3. If flesh underneath is salmon/pink = RIPE 4. Also: Should yield to gentle pressure 5. May have slight give, like a ripe avocado Buying Tips: - Buy slightly firm, ripen at home - Room temperature ripening - Refrigerate only when ripe - Don't refrigerate before ripe (damages flesh) The Seed: - Large, shiny black seed inside - Hard, smooth, beautiful - Traditionally used for decoration - NOT edible (contains compounds similar to bitter almond)


Distribution and Habitat

Global Distribution

🗺️

Geographic Distribution

Distribution in Costa Rica

Habitat Preferences


    The Zapote Fruit

    🍑

    A Fruit Like No Other

    The mamey sapote fruit is truly distinctive: Physical Characteristics: - Size: 10-25 cm long (can exceed 2 kg!) - Shape: Oval to football-shaped - Skin: Brown, rough like sandpaper - Flesh: Salmon-pink to deep red - Texture: Creamy, smooth, dense - Seed: 1 large, shiny black Flavor Profile: - Sweet but not cloying - Notes of: sweet potato, pumpkin pie, honey - Some describe: apricot, caramel, almonds - Truly unique - must be tasted! Nutrition: - High in vitamin A (beta-carotene) - Good vitamin C - Potassium, iron - Fiber - Antioxidants (from color) Season: - Main season varies by region - Costa Rica: Often February-May - Some production year-round

    Culinary Uses

    ✅The Famous Batido de Zapote

    In Costa Rica, the batido de zapote is legendary: Basic Recipe: - Ripe zapote flesh (seeds removed) - Cold milk - Sugar to taste - Ice - Blend until smooth Result: - Thick, creamy shake - Beautiful salmon-pink color - Sweet, complex flavor - Absolutely delicious Where to Try: - Any "soda" (local restaurant) in season - Fresh fruit stands - Traditional markets - Ask for "batido de zapote" or "zapote con leche" When zapote is in season, you'll see the fruits piled at fruit stands and the batidos everywhere. Don't miss it!


    Ecological Importance

    Wildlife Value

    Mammals

    • Bats: Major dispersers
    • Monkeys: Eat fruit in canopy
    • Agoutis: Fallen fruit
    • Peccaries: Ground feeding

    Birds

    • Toucans: Eat smaller fruits
    • Parrots: May feed on flesh
    • Various frugivores: When available
    ℹ️Seed Dispersal Mystery

    The zapote's large seeds pose an interesting ecological question: The Problem: - Seeds are too big for most birds - Too big for most mammals to swallow - Who disperses them in the wild? Possible Answers: - Large extinct megafauna (ancient dispersers) - Large frugivorous bats - Water dispersal in some cases - Human cultivation now primary Ecological Anachronism: Like the avocado, the zapote may be an example of a tree adapted to dispersal by now-extinct large mammals. Humans have taken over this role through cultivation.


    Uses

    Food

    Traditional Medicine

    ⚠️Seed Caution

    While the FRUIT is delicious and safe: The SEED contains: - Hydrocyanic compounds - Should NOT be eaten - Seed oil used externally only Safe Practices: - Eat only the flesh - Discard the seed (or save for crafts) - The seed kernel is NOT edible - Children should be supervised

    Other Uses


    Cultivation

    Growing Zapote


    Identification Guide

    How to Identify Zapote Tree


    Where to See Zapote in Costa Rica

    💡Finding and Enjoying Zapote

    The best way to experience zapote: In Season (Feb-May typically): - Visit any feria del agricultor - Ask for zapote at fruit stands - Order "batido de zapote" at sodas - Buy whole fruit to try at home Selecting Fruit: - Scratch test for ripeness - Should yield slightly to pressure - No soft spots or damage - Can ripen at home First Time: - Let it fully ripen (soft) - Cut in half lengthwise - Scoop out flesh with spoon - Or try as batido first! The batido is the best introduction - blended smooth, you can appreciate the unique flavor without the texture unfamiliarity.


    External Resources

    🔗
    iNaturalist: Pouteria sapota↗

    Community observations and photos

    🔗
    Tropical Fruit Information↗

    California Rare Fruit Growers


    References

    📚 Scientific References & Further Reading

    Morton, J.F. (1987). Fruits of Warm Climates: Sapote. Julia F. Morton Publications

    Azurdia, C. (2006). Sapotaceae of Guatemala. USDA Forest Service Proceedings


    ✅The Taste of Central America

    There are fruits that travelers seek out, and then there is zapote— a fruit so distinctive, so unlike anything else, that it becomes a defining taste of a region. Crack open that rough brown exterior to reveal flesh the color of a tropical sunset, dip in a spoon, and taste something that exists nowhere else in nature. Is it like sweet potato? Pumpkin pie? Caramel and almonds? All of these and none of them—it is simply zapote. The Maya cultivated this tree for millennia, the Aztecs traded its fruits, and today in Costa Rica the tradition continues in backyard trees and market stalls. When zapote season comes, the batidos flow—thick, salmon-colored, impossibly delicious shakes that cool the tropical heat and satisfy the soul. This is indigenous American gastronomy at its finest: a fruit domesticated here, beloved here, representing thousands of years of careful selection and appreciation. To eat a ripe zapote is to taste deep time and deep culture, the inheritance of peoples who knew their trees intimately and chose this one to cultivate and carry forward through the generations.

    Safety Information Disclaimer

    Safety information is provided for educational purposes only. Individual reactions may vary significantly based on age, health status, amount of exposure, and individual sensitivity. Always supervise children around plants. Consult a medical professional or certified arborist for specific concerns. The Costa Rica Tree Atlas is not liable for injuries or damages resulting from interaction with trees described in this guide.

    • Always supervise children around plants

    • Consult medical professional if unsure

    • Seek immediate medical attention if poisoning occurs

    Information compiled from authoritative toxicology sources, scientific literature, and medical case reports.

    Comparison Guides

    Compare with Níspero

    Zapote (Mamey Sapote) has large salmon-pink flesh with sweet potato notes and smooth brown skin, while Níspero (Sapodilla) has smaller brown caramel-sweet flesh with rough sandpaper-like skin—both delicious but distinctly different eating experiences.

    Read guide

    Related Trees

    Caimito
    Same family

    Caimito

    Chrysophyllum cainito

    Níspero
    Same family

    Níspero

    Manilkara zapota

    Tempisque
    Same family

    Tempisque

    Sideroxylon capiri

    Jícaro

    Jícaro

    Crescentia alata

    Distribution in Costa Rica

    GuanacasteAlajuelaHerediaSan JoséCartagoLimónPuntarenasNicaraguaPanamaPacific OceanCaribbean Sea

    Legend

    Present
    Not recorded

    Elevation

    0-800m

    Regions

    • Limón
    • Alajuela
    • Heredia
    • Puntarenas
    • Guanacaste