Skip to main content
Costa Rica Tree Atlas logoTree AtlasCosta Rica
HomeTreesRegionsIdentifyCalendarCompareEducationGlossarySafetyAbout
/
Costa Rica Tree Atlas logoTree AtlasCosta Rica

© 2026 Costa Rica Tree Atlas. Code: AGPL-3.0 | Content: CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 Made with ❤️ for Costa Rica's forests

? Keyboard shortcuts

  1. Home
  2. Trees
  3. Balsa
MalvaceaeLC

Balsa

Ochroma pyramidale

14 min read
Also available in:Español
Balsa

Native Region

Tropical Americas

Max Height

25-35 meters

Family

Malvaceae

Conservation

LC

Uses

Model aircraft constructionSurfboards and watercraftWind turbine blade coresInsulation materialLife rafts and buoysTheatrical props

Season

Flowering

Oct-Dec

Fruiting

Jan-Mar

Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
FlowersFruits

🛡️Safety Information

Toxicity Level
🟢None
Skin Contact Risk
🔵Low
Allergen Risk
🔵Low
✅
Child Safe
Yes
✅
Pet Safe
Yes

Toxicity Details

No toxic parts. The tree is safe. The wood is famous for being extremely lightweight and non-toxic. No ingestion hazards. Safe for children and pets.

Skin Contact Risks

The fine hairs on leaves and young stems can cause mild mechanical irritation (like fiberglass) in some individuals. This is physical irritation, not chemical. Most people are unaffected. Wood dust is very light and fluffy but not particularly irritating compared to other woods. Wash hands after handling young growth if sensitive.

Allergenic Properties

Balsa allergies are uncommon. Wood dust may cause mild respiratory irritation during sanding/cutting due to the fine particle size, but it's not considered highly allergenic. Generally safe to work with.

Balsa (World's Lightest Wood)

✅The Speed Champion

Balsa (Ochroma pyramidale) is nature's record-holder for two remarkable achievements: producing the world's lightest commercial timber and being one of the fastest-growing trees on the planet. This pioneer species can grow up to 5 meters in its first year and reaches commercial harvest size in just 5-7 years. From model airplanes that sparked countless aviation dreams to the core material in modern wind turbine blades, Balsa wood defies expectations—incredibly light yet surprisingly strong. Standing beneath a mature Balsa's massive leaves, you're witnessing evolution's answer to the question: how quickly can a tree dominate a forest gap?

Quick Reference

🌿

iNaturalist Observations

Community-powered species data

290+

Observations

186

Observers

View Species Page ↗Browse Photos ↗🇨🇷 Costa Rica Only ↗

📸 Photo Gallery

Photos sourced from iNaturalist community science database. View all observations →↗


Taxonomy and Classification

Plantae
Angiosperms
Eudicots
Malvales
Malvaceae
Ochroma
O. pyramidale
ℹ️Name Origins
  • Ochroma: Greek for "pale" (referring to the pale wood) - pyramidale: Pyramid-shaped (young crown form) - Balsa: Spanish for "raft" (wood used for rafts) - The tree is the sole species in genus Ochroma

Common Names


Physical Description

Overall Form

The Balsa is a truly remarkable sight—a fast-growing pioneer with a straight, clean trunk and an open, umbrella-like crown. Its smooth, grayish bark and enormous palmate leaves give it a distinctive tropical appearance. The tree often colonizes clearings and forest gaps, quickly shooting skyward in the race for sunlight. Its lightweight wood and rapid growth make it unique among tropical timber trees.

Mature Height/100
Trunk Diameter/100
First Year Growth/100
Commercial Harvest Age/100

Distinctive Features

Leaves

  • Type: Simple, palmately lobed
  • Size: 30-50 cm across (massive!)
  • Lobes: 5-7, shallow
  • Texture: Fuzzy underside
  • Arrangement: Alternate
  • Petiole: Very long (up to 40 cm)

Bark

  • Color: Grayish-brown
  • Texture: Smooth when young
  • Older Trees: Slightly roughened
  • Feature: Prominent buttresses in age

The Amazing Flowers

  • Type: Large, cream-white
  • Size: 10-15 cm long
  • Shape: Bell-shaped, fleshy
  • Opening: Nocturnal
  • Nectar: Copious, attracting bats
  • Season: Dry season (Dec-April)

Fruits

  • Type: Elongated capsule
  • Size: 15-25 cm long
  • Shape: Cucumber-like
  • Contents: Kapok-like cotton fibers
  • Seeds: Embedded in silky floss
  • Dispersal: Wind-carried seeds
💡Growth Rate Comparison

How fast does Balsa grow compared to other trees?

Balsa is the Usain Bolt of trees!


The World's Lightest Wood

Why Balsa is So Light

🔬

The Science of Lightness

Balsa wood is 3-4 times lighter than most hardwoods. Why? Cellular Structure: - Large cells with thin walls - 40% of volume is solid, 60% is air - Cells arranged in uniform rows Properties: - Density: 100-200 kg/m³ (compare oak at 600-900) - Incredible strength-to-weight ratio - Excellent shock absorption - Natural buoyancy The Trade-off: The same structure that makes it light means: - Short commercial lifespan (7-10 years maximum harvest window) - Wood deteriorates if overmature - Susceptible to rot if not properly dried

Commercial Properties


Distribution and Habitat

Native Range

🗺️

Geographic Distribution

Distribution in Costa Rica

Habitat Preferences


    Ecological Importance

    Pioneer Species Role

    ℹ️Forest Succession

    Balsa is a classic pioneer species—one of the first trees to colonize disturbed areas: Pioneer Strategy: 1. Produces thousands of wind-dispersed seeds 2. Seeds require full sun to germinate 3. Grows incredibly fast (outcompetes competitors) 4. Lives only 30-40 years maximum 5. Dies and creates gap for late-successional species Ecological Service: - Rapidly provides shade and shelter - Adds organic matter to soil - Creates microhabitat for other species - "Nurse tree" for slower-growing species Without pioneers like Balsa, forest recovery would take much longer!

    Wildlife Interactions

    Flower Visitors

    • Bats: Primary pollinators (nocturnal flowers)
    • Monkeys: Drink nectar, eat flowers
    • Kinkajous: Nocturnal nectar feeders
    • Moths: Secondary pollinators
    • Bees: Morning visitors to closing flowers

    Seed and Fruit Users

    • Birds: Use kapok for nests
    • Wind: Primary seed dispersal
    • Squirrels: Occasional seed consumers
    • Parrots: Eat unripe seeds
    ✅Bat Pollination Specialist

    Balsa flowers are perfectly designed for bat pollination: - Open at night when bats are active - Cream/white color visible in low light - Strong musky odor attracts bats from far - Robust structure supports bat weight

    • Copious nectar rewards visitors - Bell shape directs bat face to pollen One Balsa tree can produce nectar for dozens of bats nightly!

    Uses of Balsa

    Modern Applications

    ✈️

    From Model Planes to Wind Turbines

    Balsa's unique properties make it irreplaceable for many applications: Aviation & Models: - Model aircraft construction (traditional use) - Structural core in composite aircraft - Drone components - Hobby crafts worldwide Marine: - Surfboard cores - Life rafts and buoys - Boat decking core material - Canoes (traditional use) Industrial: - Wind turbine blade cores (major market!) - Thermal insulation panels - Sound absorption panels - Vibration dampening Other: - Theater and film props - Architectural models - Packaging for delicate items - Fishing floats and lures

    Wind Turbine Industry

    ℹ️Balsa Goes Green

    The wind energy revolution has transformed the Balsa industry: Why Wind Turbines Need Balsa: - Blade cores must be light yet strong - Balsa's strength-to-weight ratio is ideal - Natural shock absorption protects blades - Sustainable, renewable material Scale of Demand: - A single large turbine blade uses 150+ m³ of Balsa - Global Balsa demand has tripled since 2010 - Ecuador supplies ~95% of world's commercial Balsa - Costa Rica has emerging plantation industry The trees that helped model planes fly now help power clean energy!

    Traditional Uses


    Cultivation

    Plantation Forestry

    Ecuador: The Balsa Capital

    💡Global Production

    Ecuador dominates global Balsa production: - 95% of world commercial Balsa from Ecuador - Thousands of small farmers involved - Both wild harvest and plantations - Los Ríos and Guayas provinces main centers Costa Rica's Opportunity: - Growing plantation interest - Could diversify supply chain - Suitable climate in Caribbean/Pacific lowlands - Potential for sustainable forestry income


    Conservation and Sustainability

    Not Currently Threatened


    Identification Guide

    How to Identify Balsa


    Where to See Balsa in Costa Rica

    💡Spotting Tips

    Look for Balsa in disturbed or secondary forest: - Forest edges and clearings - Abandoned pastures regenerating - Roadsides in humid lowlands - Young secondary forest The huge palmate leaves are visible from a distance—once you learn to recognize them, you'll see Balsa everywhere in regenerating areas!


    The Kon-Tiki Connection

    🚢

    Thor Heyerdahl's Famous Voyage

    Balsa achieved worldwide fame through the Kon-Tiki expedition (1947): The Voyage: - Norwegian explorer Thor Heyerdahl - Built raft from Balsa logs - Sailed from Peru to Polynesia (8,000 km) - Proved ancient oceanic contact was possible Why Balsa Worked: - Incredibly buoyant - Large logs available - Traditional Inca/pre-Inca raft material - Withstood 101 days at sea The expedition proved both Heyerdahl's theory and Balsa's remarkable properties—a tree light enough to float indefinitely yet strong enough to cross an ocean!


    External Resources

    🔗
    iNaturalist: Ochroma pyramidale↗

    Community observations and photos

    🔗
    Tropical Plants Database↗

    Detailed species information

    🔗
    PROTA Database↗

    Plant Resources of Tropical Africa


    References

    📚 Scientific References & Further Reading

    Francis, J.K. (1991). Ochroma pyramidale Balsa. USDA Forest Service, SO-ITF-SM-41

    Heyerdahl, T. (1948). The Kon-Tiki Expedition. Allen & Unwin

    Midgley, S. et al. (2010). Balsa: Biology, Production and Economics. Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research


    ✅Evolution's Fast Answer

    Balsa represents evolution's extreme response to the challenges of tropical forest succession. In the race to colonize forest gaps before competitors, Balsa sacrificed longevity for speed, producing a tree that rockets toward the canopy faster than any other. The cellular structure that enables this phenomenal growth rate—large cells, thin walls, lots of air—also creates the world's lightest commercial wood. From Thor Heyerdahl's epic Pacific crossing to the wind turbines generating clean energy today, Balsa proves that sometimes the lightest solutions carry the greatest weight. Next time you fly a model plane or see wind turbines spinning, remember the remarkable tree that defied the odds by betting everything on speed.

    Safety Information Disclaimer

    Safety information is provided for educational purposes only. Individual reactions may vary significantly based on age, health status, amount of exposure, and individual sensitivity. Always supervise children around plants. Consult a medical professional or certified arborist for specific concerns. The Costa Rica Tree Atlas is not liable for injuries or damages resulting from interaction with trees described in this guide.

    • Always supervise children around plants

    • Consult medical professional if unsure

    • Seek immediate medical attention if poisoning occurs

    Information compiled from authoritative toxicology sources, scientific literature, and medical case reports.

    Related Trees

    Guácimo Colorado
    Same family

    Guácimo Colorado

    Luehea seemannii

    Burío
    Same family

    Burío

    Heliocarpus appendiculatus

    Monkey Comb Tree
    Same family

    Monkey Comb Tree

    Apeiba tibourbou

    Cacao
    Same family

    Cacao

    Theobroma cacao

    Distribution in Costa Rica

    GuanacasteAlajuelaHerediaSan JoséCartagoLimónPuntarenasNicaraguaPanamaPacific OceanCaribbean Sea

    Legend

    Present
    Not recorded

    Elevation

    0-1000m

    Regions

    • Limón
    • Alajuela
    • Heredia
    • Puntarenas
    • San José