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MyrtaceaeLC

Manzana de Agua

Syzygium malaccense

11 min read
Also available in:Español
Manzana de Agua

Native Region

Malaysia and Southeast Asia

Max Height

12-18 meters

Family

Myrtaceae

Conservation

LC

Uses

Fresh fruit consumptionOrnamental tree (spectacular flowering)Shade treeTraditional medicineJams and preserves

Season

Flowering

Mar-Apr

Fruiting

Jun-Aug

Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
FlowersFruits

🛡️Safety Information

Toxicity Level
🟢None
✅
Child Safe
Yes
✅
Pet Safe
Yes

Toxicity Details

No toxic parts. The fruit is completely safe and edible, widely consumed fresh, in salads, jams, and desserts throughout tropical regions. The crisp, mildly sweet fruit has a rose-like aroma. Nutritious, containing Vitamin C, antioxidants, and minerals. Seeds should be discarded (as with most fruit) but normal fruit consumption is entirely safe for humans and pets.

Skin Contact Risks

No skin contact risk. Safe to touch, handle, and pick. The fruit can be eaten with hands without concern.

Allergenic Properties

No significant allergen risk. Rare individuals sensitive to tropical fruits may experience mild reactions, but this is uncommon. Not a pollen or contact allergen.

Manzana de Agua

✅The Watery Tropical Treat

The Manzana de Agua (Syzygium malaccense), known as Malay Apple or Mountain Apple, is one of the most visually stunning fruit trees in the tropics. This Southeast Asian native produces spectacular displays of bright red, pom-pom-like flowers directly on its trunk and branches, followed by beautiful bell-shaped fruits that range from pink to deep red. The fruit's flesh is crisp, white, and refreshingly watery—perfect for hot tropical days. While not as commercially important as other fruits, the Manzana de Agua holds a special place in Costa Rican backyards and small farms, where its dual gifts of beauty and refreshment make it a treasured ornamental food tree.

Quick Reference

🌿

iNaturalist Observations

Community-powered species data

290+

Observations

186

Observers

View Species Page ↗Browse Photos ↗🇨🇷 Costa Rica Only ↗

📸 Photo Gallery

Photos sourced from the iNaturalist citizen science database. View all observations →↗


Taxonomy and Classification

Plantae
Angiosperms
Eudicots
Myrtales
Myrtaceae
Syzygium
S. malaccense
ℹ️Name Origins
  • Syzygium: Greek "syzygos" (joined together) - fused petals - malaccense: From Malacca (Melaka), Malaysia - Large genus with ~1,200 species worldwide - Family includes eucalyptus, cloves, guava

Common Names

Related Species


Physical Description

Overall Form

The Manzana de Agua is a medium-sized evergreen tree with a dense, pyramidal to spreading crown and handsome dark green foliage. The tree is particularly striking during flowering, when clusters of bright red flowers burst from the trunk and older branches in a display called "cauliflory."

Mature Height/100
Crown Spread/100
Trunk Diameter/100
Years to Fruit/100

Distinguishing Features

Leaves

  • Shape: Elliptical to oblong
  • Size: 15-45 cm long, 10-20 cm wide
  • Color: Dark green, glossy above
  • Texture: Leathery
  • Arrangement: Opposite
  • Veins: Prominent midrib

Bark

  • Color: Gray-brown
  • Texture: Smooth to slightly rough
  • Trunk: Usually short, branching low

The Spectacular Flowers

  • Color: Brilliant crimson red
  • Size: 5-7 cm wide
  • Structure: Mostly stamens (fluffy look)
  • Position: On trunk and branches (cauliflory!)
  • Fragrance: Sweet, mild
  • Display: Masses of flowers

The Watery Fruit

  • Shape: Bell-shaped, obovoid
  • Size: 5-8 cm long
  • Color: Pink to deep red (white exists)
  • Skin: Thin, waxy
  • Flesh: White, crisp, juicy
  • Seed: 1-2, large, round
  • Taste: Mildly sweet, very refreshing
💡Cauliflory: Flowers on the Trunk

One of the most striking features of Manzana de Agua is cauliflory— the production of flowers directly on the trunk and major branches, rather than at branch tips. Why This Happens: - Evolutionary adaptation for bat/bird pollination - Makes flowers accessible to large pollinators - Common in tropical understory trees - Very showy display Other Cauliflorous Trees: - Cacao (Theobroma cacao) - Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) - Jaboticaba (Plinia cauliflora) During peak flowering, the trunk appears painted red!


The Refreshing Fruit

A Tropical Thirst-Quencher

🍎

Fruit Characteristics

The Manzana de Agua fruit is unique: Physical: - Bell-shaped (like a small pear) - 5-8 cm long, 4-6 cm wide - Pink to deep crimson exterior - White, crisp flesh inside Flavor Profile: - Very mild sweetness - High water content (hence "water apple") - Slightly rose-scented - Crisp, apple-like texture - Refreshing, not cloying Eating: - Best eaten fresh - Chilled is ideal - Skin is edible - Seed is not eaten Notes: - Less sweet than most fruits - Perfect for hot days - Doesn't store well (eat fresh)

Culinary Uses


Distribution and Habitat

Global Distribution

🗺️

Geographic Distribution

Distribution in Costa Rica

Habitat Preferences


    Ecological Role

    Value to Wildlife

    Flower Visitors

    • Bats: Major pollinators in native range
    • Hummingbirds: Attracted to red flowers
    • Bees: Visit for nectar
    • Butterflies: Occasional visitors

    Fruit Consumers

    • Many bird species: Eat ripe fruit
    • Bats: Consume and disperse seeds
    • Squirrels: Opportunistic feeders
    • Monkeys: Where trees are accessible
    ℹ️Pollination Biology

    In its native Southeast Asian range, Manzana de Agua is primarily pollinated by bats that visit the cauliflorous flowers at night. The red color (unusual for bat-pollinated flowers) and positioning on the trunk make the flowers accessible to large flying visitors. In Costa Rica, hummingbirds and bees may also contribute to pollination.


    Cultivation

    Growing Manzana de Agua


    Cultural Significance

    In Southeast Asia

    ℹ️Ancient Cultivation

    The Manzana de Agua has been cultivated in Southeast Asia for thousands of years: Origin: - Native to Malaysia, Indonesia - Spread by early Austronesian peoples - Reached Pacific Islands anciently Uses: - Fresh fruit consumption - Traditional medicine - Ceremonial purposes - Ornamental planting In Hawaii: - Called ʻŌhiʻa ʻai (eating ʻōhiʻa) - Important traditional fruit - Brought by Polynesian voyagers - Still culturally significant

    In Costa Rica

    The Manzana de Agua is appreciated as:

    • Beautiful ornamental tree
    • Backyard fruit producer
    • Nostalgic childhood taste
    • Gift tree for special occasions

    Nutritional Value


    Identification Guide

    How to Identify Manzana de Agua


    Where to See Manzana de Agua in Costa Rica

    💡Best Viewing

    For the best experience with Manzana de Agua: Flowering Season: - Usually rainy season or early dry season - Watch for the spectacular red trunk flowers

    • Fantastic photo opportunity Fruiting Season: - Varies, often multiple times per year - Look for pink-red bell-shaped fruits - Ask to try one fresh! Tips: - Visit Caribbean Costa Rica for best specimens - Local guides know producing trees - Best eaten chilled on a hot day

    External Resources

    🔗
    iNaturalist: Syzygium malaccense↗

    Community observations and photos

    🔗
    Tropicos – Syzygium malaccense↗

    Nomenclature, type specimens, and taxonomic references

    🔗
    GBIF Species Profile↗

    Global occurrence records and distribution mapping

    🔗
    Morton: Fruits of Warm Climates↗

    Detailed botanical reference

    🔗
    USDA Plants Database↗

    Technical information


    References

    📚 Scientific References & Further Reading

    Morton, J.F. (1987). Malay Apple in Fruits of Warm Climates. Julia F. Morton, Miami

    Staples, G.W. & Herbst, D.R. (2005). A Tropical Garden Flora. Bishop Museum Press

    Verheij, E.W.M. & Coronel, R.E. (1992). Plant Resources of South-East Asia: Edible Fruits and Nuts. PROSEA Foundation


    ✅Beauty and Refreshment Combined

    The Manzana de Agua is that rare combination: a tree so beautiful it could serve purely as an ornamental, yet bearing fruit delicious enough to grow for eating alone. When the trunk explodes in red flower fireworks—brilliant crimson pom-poms clustering directly on the bark like nature's decoration—it's hard to believe this tree also produces fruit. But then come the bell-shaped gifts: pink to deep red, waxy and beautiful, hiding cool white flesh within. That first bite—crisp, barely sweet, impossibly refreshing—explains the name perfectly. This is the water apple, and on a hot tropical afternoon, nothing hits quite the same. In Costa Rica's Caribbean lowlands, where humidity hangs heavy and the air feels like a warm bath, the Manzana de Agua thrives, giving both shade from its handsome crown and refreshment from its watery fruits. It's a small luxury—a beautiful tree bearing nature's thirst-quencher.

    Safety Information Disclaimer

    Safety information is provided for educational purposes only. Individual reactions may vary significantly based on age, health status, amount of exposure, and individual sensitivity. Always supervise children around plants. Consult a medical professional or certified arborist for specific concerns. The Costa Rica Tree Atlas is not liable for injuries or damages resulting from interaction with trees described in this guide.

    • Always supervise children around plants

    • Consult medical professional if unsure

    • Seek immediate medical attention if poisoning occurs

    Information compiled from authoritative toxicology sources, scientific literature, and medical case reports.

    Related Trees

    Guayaba Chilena
    Same family

    Guayaba Chilena

    Acca sellowiana

    Pomarrosa
    Same family

    Pomarrosa

    Syzygium jambos

    Arazá
    Same family

    Arazá

    Eugenia stipitata

    Rainbow Eucalyptus
    Same family

    Rainbow Eucalyptus

    Eucalyptus deglupta

    Distribution in Costa Rica

    GuanacasteAlajuelaHerediaSan JoséCartagoLimónPuntarenasNicaraguaPanamaPacific OceanCaribbean Sea

    Legend

    Present
    Not recorded

    Elevation

    0-1000m

    Regions

    • Limón
    • Alajuela
    • Heredia
    • Puntarenas
    • San José