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CalophyllaceaeLC

Cedro María

Calophyllum brasiliense

9 min read
Also available in:Español
Cedro María

Native Region

Central and South America

Max Height

30-45 meters

Family

Calophyllaceae

Conservation

LC

Uses

Fine furnitureBoat buildingConstructionFlooringTraditional medicine

Season

Flowering

Mar-Jun

Fruiting

Jul-Oct

Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
FlowersFruits

🛡️Safety Information

Toxicity Level
🔵Low
Toxic Parts:
Sap/Latex
Skin Contact Risk
🟡Moderate
Allergen Risk
🔵Low
✅
Child Safe
Yes
✅
Pet Safe
Yes

Toxicity Details

Low toxicity overall. Tree produces yellow latex/resin that can be irritating but is not dangerously toxic if ingested in small amounts. Calophyllum species contain coumarins and other compounds that have medicinal properties but also potential for irritation. Fruit is not edible. Overall not a major toxicity concern for humans.

Skin Contact Risks

MODERATE SKIN IRRITATION RISK: Yellow sap/resin can cause contact dermatitis and skin irritation in sensitive individuals. Some people develop allergic reactions to the latex. Avoid prolonged contact with sap. Wash skin thoroughly if contact occurs. Wear gloves when handling fresh-cut wood or damaged bark.

Allergenic Properties

Low allergen risk overall but wood dust may cause respiratory irritation in some individuals when sawing or sanding. Not a major pollen allergen.

Wildlife & Pet Risks

Safe for wildlife. Fruits are eaten by bats and birds. Not known to be toxic to pets or livestock, though sap may cause mild irritation if consumed.

Cedro María

✅The Wetland Monarch

Cedro María (Calophyllum brasiliense) is Costa Rica's master of wet soils, thriving in swamps and flooded forests where other timber trees cannot survive. Its beautiful reddish wood and ecological importance make it a treasure of the Caribbean lowlands.

Quick Reference

🌿

iNaturalist Observations

Community-powered species data

290+

Observations

186

Observers

View Species Page ↗Browse Photos ↗🇨🇷 Costa Rica Only ↗

📸 Photo Gallery

Photos sourced from iNaturalist's citizen science database. View all observations →↗


Taxonomy & Classification

👑
Kingdom
Plantae
🌸
Clade
Angiosperms
🌿
Order
Malpighiales
🪴
Family
Calophyllaceae
🌳
Genus
Calophyllum
🔬
Species
C. brasiliense

Geographic Distribution

🗺️

Geographic Distribution

🇨🇷

Where to Find Cedro María in Costa Rica

Primary Distribution:

    Elevation: Sea level to ~1,200 m


    Habitat & Ecology

    ⛰️
    Elevation
    0-1,200 m
    Lowland to mid-elevation
    🌡️
    Climate
    Humid tropical
    High rainfall
    🌧️
    Rainfall
    2,500-6,000 mm/year
    Very wet
    💧
    Soil
    Waterlogged
    Swamps, flooded soils
    🌳

    Wetland Specialist

    Cedro María's ecological niche:

      🦜

      Wildlife Value

      Ecological importance:

        ✅Flood Fighter

        Cedro María is one of few timber trees that actually prefers flooded soils. It dominates swamp forests and riparian areas, providing essential habitat in ecosystems too wet for other trees. It's a keystone species of Costa Rica's tropical wetlands.


        Botanical Description


        Wood Properties

        Appearance

        Physical Properties

        Durability/100
        Hardness/100
        Workability/100
        Stability/100
        Availability/100
        ✅Premium Timber

        Cedro María wood is prized for its beautiful reddish color, good durability, and workability. The interlocked grain creates attractive striped figure when quarter-sawn.


        Uses

        🪑
        Fine Furniture
        Premium use
        Beautiful grain
        ⛵
        Boat Building
        Traditional
        Water resistant
        🏠
        Construction
        Quality lumber
        Structural and finish
        💊
        Medicine
        Traditional
        Latex uses

        Conservation Status

        ✅

        Conservation Status: Stable

        Population generally healthy:

          ⚠️Conservation Note

          While globally secure, Cedro María faces localized threats from wetland drainage and selective logging of large trees. Its specialized habitat makes protection of wetland forests essential.


          Growing Cedro María


          Similar Species


          Where to See Cedro María

          📍

          Best Locations in Costa Rica

          Protected Areas:

            Identification Tips:


              External Resources

              🌿
              iNaturalist Species Page↗

              Community observations, photos, and distribution data

              Global observations

              🪵
              The Wood Database↗

              Detailed wood properties and identification

              Wood Database


              References

              📚 Scientific References & Further Reading

              Record, S.J. & Hess, R.W. (1943). Timbers of the New World. Yale University Press

              Jiménez, Q. et al. (2002). Árboles maderables en peligro de extinción en Costa Rica. INBio


              ✅Guardian of the Wetlands

              Calophyllum brasiliense is that rare combination — a beautiful timber tree that grows where no others can. In Costa Rica's swamp forests and flooded lowlands, Cedro María stands as a sentinel, its buttressed trunk anchored in waterlogged soils, providing habitat for wetland wildlife while producing some of the most attractive wood in the neotropics. Protecting this species means protecting the wetlands themselves.

              🌳 ¡Pura Vida!

              Safety Information Disclaimer

              Safety information is provided for educational purposes only. Individual reactions may vary significantly based on age, health status, amount of exposure, and individual sensitivity. Always supervise children around plants. Consult a medical professional or certified arborist for specific concerns. The Costa Rica Tree Atlas is not liable for injuries or damages resulting from interaction with trees described in this guide.

              • Always supervise children around plants

              • Consult medical professional if unsure

              • Seek immediate medical attention if poisoning occurs

              Information compiled from authoritative toxicology sources, scientific literature, and medical case reports.

              Comparison Guides

              Compare with Cedro Amargo

              Cedro Amargo has compound pinnate leaves and aromatic wood, while Cedro María has simple opposite leaves and latex sap.

              Read guide

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              Distribution in Costa Rica

              GuanacasteAlajuelaHerediaSan JoséCartagoLimónPuntarenasNicaraguaPanamaPacific OceanCaribbean Sea

              Legend

              Present
              Not recorded

              Elevation

              0-1200m

              Regions

              • Limón
              • Heredia
              • Alajuela
              • Puntarenas
              • San José
              • Cartago